Demography: The study of human populations, including how they change due to births, deaths, aging, and migration.
Life expectancy: The average age to which a person in a given population can expect to live.
European Union: A group of 28 countries working together on shared issues, once a decision or vote is held. All countries must follow the decision that was made
Trade bloc: A group of countries that work together to promote trade with one another
Supranational cooperation: Countries give up some control of their affairs as they work together to achieve shared goals
Transboundary pollution: Pollution that starts in one country and crosses boundaries into other countries
Acid rain: Rain that can damage the environment because it contains acid from factory smoke, car exhaust and burning fossil fuels
Ethnic group: A group of people in a country who shares a unique culture and identity
Nationalism: Feeling of loyalty and pride towards ones nation or ethnic group
Marginal Land: Land that is not well suited for growing crops.
Desertification: The process by which land becomes more and more dry until it turns into a desert.
Gender-based division of labor: The division of work into two categories based on gender or whether you are male or female
Drought: An unusually long period in which little or no rain falls
Mantle: The middle layer of earth that lies between the core and lithosphere
Magma: Molten, or liquid, rock that lies beneath earth's crust
Tectonic Movement: The movement of plates below earth's surface
Lava: Molten, or liquid, rock that flows out of a volcano
Micro- enterprise: A very small business
Nonrenewable resource: A resource that takes so long to form that it can't be replaced. Oil, which takes millions of years to form, is such a resource.
Renewable resource: A resource that can't be used up or that can be replaced quickly as it is used up. Sunlight is a renewable resource that cannot be used up. Wood is a renewable resource that can be replaced by planting more trees.
Water stress: The condition that occurs when people do not have enough clean, fresh water to meet their everyday needs
Salinization: The buildup of salt in soil or water
Monsoon: A strong seasonal wind
Outsource: To hire someone outside a company to do work that was once done inside the company. Information technology has made it possible to outsource jobs to businesses in other countries.
Comparative advantage: The ability of one country to produce a good or provide a service at a lower cost or more effectively than another country
Acclimatize: The process of adjusting to lower oxygen levels at high elevation.
Zero population growth: A condition in which the population of a country does not grow but remains stable. This condition comes about when the birth rate plus immigration equals the death rate plus emigration.
Rate of natural increase: The annual rate of population growth. This percentage is calculated by subtracting the death rate from the birth rate. It does not include people moving into or out of a country.
Arable Land: Land that is suitable for farming
Deposition: The process by which rocks, sand and sediment are deposited by the forces of erosion
River Basin: The area drained by a river and its tributaries
Lake Tana: Source of the Blue Nile
Purpose of the Aswan High Dam: To control flooding by regulating the flow of the river and supply water for irrigation throughout the year
Benefits of hydroelectric dams:
- Recreation
- Flood control
- Water storage
- Irrigation
- Electrical generation
How oases are created:
- By a spring bubbling up to the surface
- Rainwater pooling in a low spot
- Artificially by humans
Causes of desertification:
- Drought
- Depletion of soil through the growing of cash crops
- Deforestation
Desertification most threatens: Marginal lands
In Africa, MEN or WOMEN are better educated and earn more money that women?: Men
Causes of poverty in Africa:
- Disease
- Drought
- Civil War
Ethnic groups of Nigeria:
- Hausa-Fulani (29%)
- Igbo (18%)
- Yoruba (21%)
- Other (32%)
What is the important legacy of British rule in Nigeria?: Cultural Conflict
What is the most important economic activity in the Niger River Delta?: Oil Production
Apartheid: The former official South African policy of separating people according to race; it gave most of the political and economic power to whites
Apartheid ended, what happened to the distribution of political power in South Africa?: It shifted. African National Congress (ANC) became South Africa's most powerful political party.
Primate city: The largest and most important city in a country; has a least twice the population of the next largest city; it is the center of power and national culture
What physical feature are most primate cities located by?: Body of water
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC): Purpose is to ensure a steady supply of oil and a steady income
Where is Mount Everest located?: Nepal's Sagarmatha National Park
What is significant about Mount Everest?: it is the tallest mountain in the world
What physical feature in Japan has most affected population distribution?: Mountains
Terracing: The creation of flat areas on mountain slopes for the purpose of farming.